Soil management points To promote the normal development of trees and fruits, attention should be paid to orchard soil management in autumn and winter. Soil management in autumn and winter includes fertilization and irrigation of orchards. The following are introduced separately.
1. Fertilization in orchard fertilization orchard should pay attention to the type of fertilizer, but also pay attention to fertilization period and methods.
In order to improve fruit quality and reduce the occurrence of deficiency, organic fertilizers and farmyard fertilizers should be promoted. The previously proposed pounds and nuts are still applicable. Beef and sheep manure and chicken manure are good source of organic fertilizer.
As a common basal fertilizer, the fertilization period is usually in the fall. Fertilization from late September to early October is most beneficial for root growth and tree nutrient storage.
The method of fertilization varies with age. During the sapling period, usually the orchard is used to fertilize the soil by expanding the soil in the orchard. Every year, the remaining 40 to 50 cm of carbon mail remains outside the colonization pit, and the organic fertilizer is mixed with the orchard topsoil 1:2 and then filled into the pit to expand outward. Mature orchards can be ploughed or fertilized in the whole park.
2. Irrigation in orchard-filled fruit orchards depends on the amount of natural precipitation. In general years, orchard irrigation is required during fruit coloring or fruit picking. Irrigation during the coloring stage is beneficial to the development of fruit color. Postharvest irrigation is often performed simultaneously with the orchard fertilization, which is conducive to root growth and accumulation of tree nutrients. All localities should determine whether irrigation is needed based on actual conditions.
Pest control points apple early deciduous disease is divided into brown spot disease, gray spot disease, deciduous deciduous disease and other types, its infection approach and prevention methods are not the same, the following are an introduction.
1. Control of brown spot pesticides should be carried out in three phases, namely spraying after spraying (before the onset of illness), before the rainy season and during the rainy season. Pre-growth spray 1:3:200 Lime Bordeaux mixture + fruit compendium, post-spray, can also be used 50% tune 600 times, 50% carbendazim 800 times, 50% thiophanate 1000 Times, 65% 500 times Daisenzinc + melon fruit Zhuang Tiling prevention and treatment. In the rainy season, 2000-3000 times of the adhesive should be mixed when spraying.
The early defoliation of apples is mainly manifested as the mixed invasion of brown spots and gray n. It is also indispensable to strengthen the management of soil and fertilizer water and improve the disease resistance of trees.
2. Varieties of deciduous disease Alternaria deciduous disease begins in late June in the general year, and occurs in late July to early August. Early onset of spring rain, early autumn heavy onset. It stopped happening in early October. Prevention and treatment of apple leaf spot defoliation, should pay attention to chemical control, from the beginning of flowering, spray 50% acetaminophen WP for 1000 times, + melon fruit morphine or 70% mancozeb WP 500 times + melon fruit Zhuang Tilling, or 1200 times more than 10% polyoxorubicin + fruit Zhuang Turing, or 40% 200% aluminum diphosphonate + fruit Zhuang Turing, or 70% manganese manganese 500 times + melon fruit Zhuang Ti Ling. Lime multi-type Bordeaux liquid also has better control effect. At present, it has entered the mid-autumn festival and new types of early defoliation will gradually stop the new infection. However, for orchards with a heavier disease this year, the orchards should be cleared of leaves in time, cut off the diseased branches, and be deeply buried to eliminate the source of the disease and reduce the incidence of disease in the next year.
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