Metal cutting machine lubrication features and tips

Metal-cutting machine tools (abbreviated as machine tools) are devices with a wide range and wide variety of types. Their structural characteristics, processing accuracy, degree of automation, operating conditions, and environmental conditions for use vary greatly. They differ in the lubrication system and lubricant used. The request.

First, the characteristics and requirements of machine lubrication:

1. The main components in the machine tool are mostly typical mechanical parts, standardized and generalized, and the degree of serialization is high. For example, sliding bearings, rolling bearings, gears, worm gear pairs, rolling and sliding guides, screw transmission pairs (screw nut pairs), clutches, hydraulic systems, cams, etc., lubrication conditions vary.

2, the use of machine conditions: the machine is usually installed in the indoor environment, the maximum ambient temperature in summer is 40 °C, when the temperature is below 0 °C in winter when more heating, so that the ambient temperature is higher than 5-10 °C. High-precision machine tools require a constant-temperature air-conditioning environment, generally up and down at 20°C. However, because of the high precision and automation of many machine tools, the requirements for the viscosity, oxidation resistance (lifetime) and cleanliness of the oil are relatively strict.

3, the working conditions of the machine tool: different types of machine tools of different sizes, even on the same machine due to the different parts of the work conditions, working conditions are very different. The requirements for lubrication vary. For example, high-speed internal-circular grinding machines for grinding wheel spindle bearings and heavy-duty machine tools have very different requirements for heavy-duty, low-speed spindle bearings on lubrication methods and lubricants. The former needs to be lubricated with an oil mist or an oil/air lubrication system, using a lower viscosity lubricant, while the latter is to be lubricated with an oil bath or pressure circulating lubrication system, using a higher viscosity oil.

4. Adaptability of lubricating oils and lubricating coolants, rubber seals, paint materials, etc.: Lubrication coolant is used on most machine tools. In lubricating oils, oils are often emulsified and deteriorated due to the incorporation of coolant. The parts are rusted and the like, which causes the rubber seals to swell and deform, causing the paint coating on the surface of the parts to bubble and peel off. Therefore, consider the adaptability of oil products and lubricating coolants, rubber seals, and paint materials to prevent oil leakage. In particular, with the increase in the degree of automation of machine tools, lubrication/cooling of general-purpose oils has been used on some automated and numerically controlled machine tools, both for lubricating oils and for lubricating cooling fluids.

Second, the use of machine tool lubricants tips:

Due to the wide variety of metal-cutting machine tools and the great changes in the structure and components, it is difficult to give clear opinions on the selection of lubricants for the main components. The following content is the recommendation of the lubricants reasonably applied to the main components of some machine tools according to relevant standards. Advice for use when selecting lubricants.

1. Selection of lubricants for machine tools

Total loss system: refined mineral oil, L-AN32, L-AN68 or L-AN220, for light load components, often using HL hydraulic oil.

2. Gear (closed gear): Continuous lubrication (splashing, circulating or spraying), refined mineral oil, and improve its anti-oxidation, anti-corrosion (ferrous and non-ferrous metals) and anti-foam, CKB32, CKB68 or CKB100 CKB150, CKB32 and CKB68 can also be used for mechanically controlled clutches for over-lubrication in closed gears with light load and small operation (for spindle box bearings, feed boxes, carriages, etc.). CKB68 can be used instead of AN68. HL type hydraulic oil is commonly used for spindle box of machine tools; refined mineral oil, and improves its anti-oxidation, anti-corrosion (black and non-ferrous metals), anti-foam, extreme pressure and abrasion resistance, CKC100, CKC150, CKC200, CKC320 , CKC460, any type of closed gear (except hypoid gears) and related bearings operating at normal or moderately constant temperature and under heavy load, can also be used for manual control of screw, feed screw and light load rails. Centralized lubrication.

3. Spindles, bearings and clutches: Spindles, bearings and clutches, refined mineral oils, additives to improve their resistance and by corrosive and oxygen-resistant, FC2, FC5, FC10, FC22, sliding bearings or rolling bearings and related clutch pressure, oil Bath and oil mist lubrication, in the clutch system, due to the risk of corrosion, so the use of products without anti-wear and extreme pressure agent is needed; spindle, bearings, refined mineral oil, and additives to improve its corrosion resistance , Oxygen and abrasion resistance, FD2, FD5, FD10, FD22, pressure, oil bath and oil mist lubrication of plain bearings or rolling bearings, can also be used for parts that require extremely low viscosity oils, such as precision mechanical, hydraulic or hydraulic Pneumatic machinery, solenoid valves, oil and gas lubricators, and hydrostatic bearing lubrication.

4. Guide rails: Refined mineral oil, and improve its lubricity and stick-slip, G68, G100, G150, G220, for the lubrication of sliding bearings, guide rails, especially suitable for low-speed movement of the guide rail lubrication, so that the track "crawling "The phenomenon is minimized and it can also be used for the lubrication of various sliding parts such as screws, feed screws, cams, ratchets and light duty worm gears that work intermittently.

5, hydraulic system: hydraulic system, refined mineral oil, and improve its anti-rust, anti-oxidant and anti-foam, HL32, HL46, HL68; refined mineral oil, and improve its anti-rust, anti-oxidant, anti-wear and anti-foam HM15, HM32, HM46, HM68, general hydraulic systems including heavy-duty components, also suitable for lubrication of plain bearings, rolling bearings and various normal loads and gears (except worm gears and hypoid gears), HM32 and HM68 available Replacing CKB32 and CKB68 respectively; refined mineral oil, and improving its anti-rust, anti-oxidation, viscosity-temperature and anti-foam properties, HV22, HV32, HV46, CNC machine tools, in some cases, HV oil can replace HM oil. Hydraulic and rail system, refined mineral oil, and improve its rust, oxygen, anti-wear, anti-foam and stick-slip, HG32, HG68, used in sliding bearings, hydraulic rail lubrication system combined machinery to reduce the guide at low speed The "crawling" phenomenon of the lower movement, if the viscosity of the oil is suitable, can also be used for a separate rail system, and the HG68 can replace G68.

5, the use of grease: General grease, and improve its anti-oxidation and anti-corrosion, XBA or XEB1, XEB2, XEB3, ordinary rolling bearings, open gears and all kinds of fat to be added to the site.

Note: Code Description: AN - full-loss system oil, CKB - anti-oxidation, anti-rust industrial gear oil, CKC - medium-load industrial gear oil, FC - bearing oil, FD - FC bearing oil to improve wear resistance, G - Guide rail oil, HL hydraulic oil, HM hydraulic oil (anti-wear type), HV low temperature hydraulic oil, HG-hydraulic-rail oil, XBA-antioxidant and rust-proof grease, XEB-antioxidant, rust-proof and anti-wear grease .